Total Compensation Is The Package Of Quantifiable Rewards

Section A: Question # 2: Total Compensation is the package of quantifiable rewards an employee receives for his or her labors. It includes three components: base compensation, pay incentives, and indirect compensation/benefits (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2016, p. 317). Although government pay has grade level (e.g. Grade 1 – 15) and you might tend to know a GS 1 salary from a GS 14 salary; however, it’s still a secret because there are steps 1 through 10 per grade levels. There are really no secrets when it comes to salary because people talk. I believe on a fundamental level that the openness is better that secrecy in all we do including salary due to the fact that this will help organizations to retain the best employees because they are more likely to feel they are getting a fair salary. I also believe that openness will perpetuate unfair salaries which are bad for people and for the organization. I am of the conviction that one of the main reasons for salary secrecy may surely be that they are not currently fair and therefore making salaries open seems dangerous to many workplaces. Maybe Mr. John Doe is making more than me, not because he does a better job, but because he drives a harder bargain when it comes time to negotiate salaries or is a close associate of the boss. In the salaried ranks of the working world, not everyone get the same salary of raise if they are paid according to contributions, therefore, salary openness would do the organization a lot of goodShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Employee Retention1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can enhance employee retention. These factors are compensation and appreciation of the performed work, provision of challenging work, chances to be promoted a pleasant atmosphere within the organization, positive relations with colleagues, a healthy balance between the professional and personal life and good communication. Elements of employee retention approaches 1) Compensation Compensation is the all financial and non-financial rewards given to management and non-management employees in returnRead MoreVideo 9 : Talent Management Yakup Ozcelik953 Words   |  4 Pagestraining . 2. (a) The video describes both training and development efforts at Metropolitan Bakery. What is the difference between training and development? How are they connected? They are not the same. training programs have very specific and quantifiable goals, like operating a particular piece of machinery, understanding a specific process, or performing certain procedures with great precision. Developmental programs, on the other hand, concentrate on broader skills that are applicable to a widerRead MoreOrganizational Pay Analysis: a Case Study of Southwest Airlines3828 Words   |  16 PagesFulfillment of the Requirements of OM 5218 – Managing Compensation and Rewards Capella University Spring 2008 Name: Address: City, State, Zip: Phone: E-Mail: Instructor: Abstract Title Organizational Pay Analysis: A Case Study of Southwest Airlines Abstract This report begins with an overview of Southwest Airlines, its strategies, and its compensation and benefit structure. The author considers how the human resources department can use a compensation strategy to strengthen the strategic and businessRead MoreCompensation and Benefits2497 Words   |  10 Pagesto acknowledge the importance of compensation and benefit strategies used in organizations all around the world. Compensation and Benefits are used by different organisations globally to attract, motivate and retain their employees. This paper contains a case studies, summary and analysis of academic journals and books to understand the latest trends in compensation and benefits field. The three primary components which are used in designing a strategic compensation plan are listed. During the courseRead More Human Resource Management at Delphi Essay example2516 Words   |  11 Pagesorganiza tional, behavior that goes beyond the role of just personnel administration. I have learned How job analysis is a systemic process of determining the skills, duties and knowledge required for performing jobs in an organization, How compensation includes all reward that individuals recovery as a result of their employment, and The Occupational Safety and Health is an approved state occupational safety and health program. With today?s work force becoming increasingly diverse, a organizationRead MoreEmployee Retention Policies And Practices Essay2266 Words   |  10 Pagesand 3) determine the factors that most significantly influence employee retention to meet the diverse needs of employees and create an environment that encourages current employees to remain employed. The results of this study were clarified that compensation, fringe benefits and job satisfaction play a vital role in employee s motivation which leads to employee s retention. Similarly, Training, career development and recognition were found motivating factor which leads to retention and promotionsRead MoreChapter 42457 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Strategic Compensation, 7e (Martocchio) Chapter 4 Incentive Pay 1) Which of the following is true concerning incentive pay? A) The award is earned only when the predetermined work objective is totally completed. B) Motivates employees to be more productive, but does little to control payroll costs. C) Awards are granted in one-time payouts. D) Incentive levels are generally subjective in nature. Answer: C Difficulty: Difficult Type: Concept Learning Obj: 1 2) Which of the following is trueRead MoreEmployee Incentives Essay2098 Words   |  9 Pagesproductivity and the achievement of organisational goals. Establishing benefit programs require both large and small organisations to consider specific goals. Employee retention, compensation distribution and adherence to the budget must be carefully weighted against the overall organisational goals and expectations. Payments must reward employees for past performance while serving as a motivation tool for future performances. Organisations must balance each of the concerns while still remaining competitiveRead MoreEmployee Remuneration13571 Words   |  55 PagesChapter I INTRODUCTION 1. MEANING OF WAGE/ COMPENSATION PAYMENT: Wage is a monetary payment made by the employer to his employee for the work done or services rendered. It is a monetary compensation for the services rendered [1]. A worker may be paid Rs. 100 per day or Rs. 4500 per month. This is wage payment. The worker gives his services and takes payment called wage payment. Industrial workers are paid remuneration for their services in terms of money called wage payment. WagesRead MoreReward Management6987 Words   |  28 PagesContents Reward Management 4 Objectives of Reward System 5 Alternative to Reward Management 6 Types of Rewards 6 Criteria of Reward Management 7 Relating Rewards to Performance 9 Job Satisfaction and Rewards 10 Rewards and HRM Cycle 10 Reward Management System in Coca Cola  International 11 Reward Management System 11 Findings 12 Criteria of rewarding employees 13 How Coca Cola International Motivate Employees 14 Pay system of Coca Cola International 15 Types of Rewards of Coca

I Enjoyed A Wonderful Jazz Concert On Sunday Night

I enjoyed a wonderful jazz concert on Saturday night, to an audience about eighty people. Most of the audiences were college students and elders and it was not hard to tell that everyone was expecting this concert very much. At about 8:20pm, the concert started. Kei Akaji, the pianist and composer, introduced himself and his friends to the audience humorously and briefly. Then, 4 instruments assemble were gathering in the center of the stage and 10 wonderful jazz pieces was presented. Each piece lasted for 10-20 minutes in length and Akaji gave a brief introduction of each piece before the start. Led by Akaji, this concert combined classical jazz bass section and jazz form, but explored more possibilities of improvisation of modern jazz. Some of these pieces were written by Akaji himself and had his strong personal style. However, an interesting thing about this concert was that even though those four musicians were playing the same composition, they could express the same melody wi th their different personal styles. First comes to the piano section. Actually, every musician had his solo in every piece, but piano above the rest. Akaji easily took the center of focus for most of the piece since the piano dominated the melody as well as his extremely technically accomplished playing skill and imaginary improvisation. Another reason is that because of the amplifier, the piano is a little louder than drum and bass. Moreover, Akaji is good at controlling theShow MoreRelatedComparison1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthat vary from any price range, hosting the famously known Four Seasons and of course it very owns Vail tradition the Sonnenalp Hotel. Vail is a big part of my childhood life. I had the great fortune of spending some New years here, celebrating, skiing, and getting to know it ´s magic and attractiveness. Even though I know Vail in the winter full of snow and Christmas decorations all around, for me the best time to get to know this village is in the summer. Is during this time of the year youRead MoreEntertaiment Youth Club3677 Words   |  15 PagesMARKETING PLAN for entertaiment youth club I. Executive Summary This marketing plan was designed for a entertainment club , which is a small, cozy, family owned club specializing in authentic and traditional acoustic jazz music. In addition to the music and the upscale atmosphere, youth club’s offers a wide selection of alcoholic beverages and appetizers. This plan outlines in the following pages, a renewed vision and strategic focus of what it will take to run a successfulRead More Louis Armstrong: From Childhood To Adulthood Essay3935 Words   |  16 Pagesreally loved him. She would always take him to church on Sundays which gave Louis his first singing experience. Louis loved his grandmother but, after seven years of living with her he moved 18 blocks away to live with his mother ,Mayann. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When he went to her house he found out that he had a new sister named Beatrice. She was nicknamed Mama Lucy. His mother would always be working long hours and drink in bars all night. That left Louis to take care of Mama Lucy and himselfRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesthey never had. They raised a garden, and kept a cow and chickens on their property near the railroad tracks, so for the first time in his life, teenage Langston had plenty to eat. On Sunday, Auntie Reed spent the day at church, but Uncle Reed did not. Weekdays, he worked as a ditch digger for a plumber. On Sundays he washed his work overalls in a big black kettle behind the house and hung them out to dry. Then he leisurely smoked his pipe in the grape arbor. Auntie Reed introduced Langston toRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesMcGraw-Hill/Irwin series, operations and decision sciences) Gray’s name appears first on the earlier editions. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-340334-2 (alk. paper) 1. Project management. 2. Time management. 3. Risk management. I. Gray, Clifford F. II. Gray, Clifford F. Project management. III. Title. HD69.P75G72 2011 658.4904—dc22 2009054318 www.mhhe.com About the Authors Erik W. Larson ERIK W. LARSON is professor of project management at the College of Business, Oregon

Accommodation Management for Current Issues in Hotel Management

Question: Discuss about theAccommodation Management for Current Issues in Hotel Management. Answer: Introduction There were various diverse issues in the past decade, which were being thrown in the way of hotels growth. There issues are related to different area of accommodation management. This paper presents the findings of the issues, which the hotels are facing currently. There are some top issues, which influence the hotels and their business. These major issues include technology issues, operating issues, marketing issues and economic issues. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of these issues on the hotels operations and profitability of property. There are some strategies or alternative solutions, which assist the hotels in overcoming them. The industry should use some key trends, which will shape the industry in the near future and for the years to come. Operating Issues There are different types of operating issues, which are faced by the hotels currently. Two of the most important issues are labor cost and labor shortage issues. Due to extent of the expenses, issues and labor costs have always taken a considerable portion of time and efforts of hotel managers. This is very difficult to stay in the industry, which is considered as low paid and low skilled human resources and have the diversity issue among employees (OFallon Rutherford, 2011). Now, there is the news of amendments in immigration laws, union contact negotiations, legislation to increase the minimum wages. Due to this, the hotels managers are on edge. The labor cost is the biggest expense for all types of hotels. It is very important for managing the cost of human resources, because they are an integral part of accommodation experience. The interaction between employees and hotel guests has a significant impact on the success of operations and guests experience (Wood, 2013). The hotels and its managers must implement the trend, which impact the labor costs. Another issue, which hotels are facing, is the shortage of labor. The problem of generating and retaining the skilled and qualified employees is becoming a challenge for the hotels globally. This problem is increased because of various factors, such as; wage level, demography, long working hours, low pay and hotels are failed to deal with the employee satisfaction. All these factors lead the hotels towards to face to problem of employee turnover. When the employees do not work with the motivation and satisfaction, then it affects the operations of the firm. It affects the behavior of the employees (Baum, 2016). If the workers will not behave with guests in sophisticated manner, then it will affect their services and reputation. Thus, it will affect the profitability of property. Technological Issues The issues of keeping up with the fast speed of technology are very expensive and difficult. Despite a growth in the awareness of the value of integrated systems, there are still so many properties or hotels, which do not have the benefit of them (Jing Zhao, 2009). The reason behind this is that they have to maximize the revenue opportunities. In the hotel management, use of advanced technology is very important to store and secure the data of guests. The hotels face technological issues, like; the guests can now utilize the interactive reservation systems and some hotels are sometimes critiqued for the clicking on keyboard, which is needed to make a reservation. The people are increasingly making the reservations through internet. There are a high percentage of people, who are making reservations via internet. With this, the hotels cannot afford not being linked (Chan Quah, 2008). If the guest cannot book the room online then the reservation will be done at the website of competit or. It will affect the operations of hotels. There are some examples of facilities, which the guests desire gradually, like; multiple telephone lines, cooperative opportunities for room service, free Wi-Fi and room check-out. These are very expensive to install and implement. There is lack of awareness among the people about the integrated systems, from which the efficiency of operations can be improved. The hotels still use the systems, which are much ahead of competitive useful life. It limits these hotels from taking the advantages, which are brought by integrated and advanced systems (Karakas Tatar, 2015). However, various hotels in Australia are scared of upgrading the system because they fear that their team and employees will not be able to handle and manage these new systems and there will be need of training the employees to understand the use of systems. Environmental Issues Furthermore, the profitability of property and efficiency in the operations is affecting by the environmental issues also. Occurrence of natural disaster may have a negative impact on the hotels and hospitality management. These disasters occur in the area of tourism like; islands and sea sides. Handling a disaster, for example a hurricane or earthquake includes taking care of the tourists or guests and a longer clean up time (Lane Edgerton, 2015). Hotels are affected by these natural disasters, which can take many years to rebuild. This issue affects both operations and profitability of the building, because in the situation of disaster, the employees are out of work and the management has to close the hotel. The hotels do not make money for a period of time. After that, when they reopen their hotel and start the operations, they will basically have to begin over, when it is about the recruiting the people (Molina-Azorn, Tar, Pereira-Moliner, Lpez-Gamero Pertusa-Ortega, 2015). Global Financial Crisis and Competition Global financial crisis is also an important issue for the hotels in global environment. It has hit overall hotel industry. In some time, when most of the households have had to tighten their financial ties, luxuries like vacations have been required on the backburner for the predictable future. As a result of this, many hotel operators are unable to sustain their business for a long time. Primarily, it affected the hotels, which had opened recently (Chawla, 2006). There are various hotels, which have lost lot of money or some of them have taken huge debt. Due to this global financial crisis, some hotels started to offer the rooms with effective deals at lower prices. This crisis declined the arrival of tourists to stay in the hotels. It will impact the profitability of hotels, as they will not be able to meet the operational and service costs because there will be few guests in the hotel and hotels are providing the services at lower rates. In the current years, during the lean seas on, some of the well-reputed five star hotels have gone so far by reducing their prices up to 80% off their promoted price for accommodation (Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). This is affecting the business of hotels adversely but it was good for the guests, who can get great bargains by making a simple web-search. Before Global financial crisis, the hospitality industry was at its boom stage. Now, there are so many competitors in the industry. With so many hotels competing in the decreasing market the competition to generate the bookings of hotel has become severe. Solutions The hoteliers should find the solutions for the above-mentioned issues, which the hotels are facing currently. There must be fine balance between guest satisfaction and cost controls (Jing Zhao, 2009). In order to deal with the operating issues, the hotels should implement the attractive employment practices and packages, so they can motivate the employees to work with them for a long term. They should offer the insurance benefits to the employees. It will assist in reducing the employee turnover. Technological issues pose major challenge to the hotels, so there should be more focus on these issues. They should implement new and modern integrated systems in the management for reservation system, so the guests can book their hotels through internet. Implementing new technologies will allow the sales and marketing personnel to get the new ways in storing the information of guests. It will help them in making effective marketing decisions. The hotels should motivate the employees to le arn about new technologies and conduct the training and development programs from them. The hotel industry should give the close attention to the trends of globalization (Collins, 2016). They should reflect the requirements in many factors of the operations like; services, food, amenities, training and staffing policies. Although, there are no solutions for the environmental issues, but the hotels should make a contingency plan, which can be used in the situation of natural mishaps. The hotels should invest money in the marketing and promotional activities for enhancing its operations and increasing the profitability of property (Zapalska Brozik, 2007). Conclusion As a conclusion, there are various issues, which are happening in the accommodation or hotel management. This is the industry, for which the issues cannot be expected and changing time to time. The operations of the hotels are the key to success. The issues, which are faced by the hotels, must be solved successfully prior to move ahead in the industry. The hotels should use the solutions for dealing with issues like; technological issues, operating issues, environmental issues and global financial crisis. All the given issues primarily impact the overall profitability and business operations of hotels. The problems need to be handled by the way of evolving new policies and strategies at the organizational level and making the decisions effectively. References Baum, T, 2016.Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Chawla, R, 2006, Accommodation Management and Tourism, Sonali Publications. Collins, A., 2016. Higher education globalization and student mobility: A case study of comparision of tourism and hotel management schools.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, p.722. Jing, W. Zhao, W.J, 2009, Issues, Challenges, and Trends, that Facing Hospitality Industry, Management Science and Engineering, vol. 3, No. 4. Karakas, K.M. Tatar, E, 2015, Impacts of economic crisis on hotel industry a Hungarian case study, Budapest Business School, College of Commerce. Lane, J. Edgerton, B, 2015, Hotel performance following natural disasters, Retrieved from https://www.cbrehotels.com/EN/Research/Pages/Hotel-Performance-Following-Natural-Disasters.aspx. Chan, J.K.L. Quah, W.B, 2008, Key Issues on Managing Small and Medium-Sized Accommodation Businesses: An Exploratory Study, TEAM Journal of Hospitality Tourism, Vol. 5, Issue 1. Mok, C. Sparks, B. Kadampully, J, 2013, Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure, Routledge Publications. Molina-Azorn, J.F., Tar, J.J., Pereira-Moliner, J., Lpez-Gamero, M.D. Pertusa-Ortega, E.M., 2015. The effects of quality and environmental management on competitive advantage: A mixed methods study in the hotel industry.Tourism Management,50, pp.41-54. OFallon, M.J. Rutherford, D.G, 2011, Hotel Management and Operations, John Wiley Sons. Wood, R.C, 2013, Key Concepts in Hospitality Management, SAGE Publications. Zapalska, A.M. Brozik, D, 2007, Managing Family Businesses in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: The Transitional Economy of Poland, Journal of Economics and Business 25 (1): 141-165.

There are a lot many descriptions for the word dialectic Essay Example For Students

There are a lot many descriptions for the word dialectic Essay Dialectic is a variety of languages, conceivably a sort of a composition of the languages in this variety. The word comes from Ancient Greek dialektos, which is derived from dialegesthai, meaning to discourse, converse, and talk. By this root of the word, in this context, I deduce that Dialectics is a method in which people from different walks of life, contained by different personal philosophies languages are set together to discuss on a single word, sentence, thought, topic etc. explaining their personal views supported by logical reasons defending their argument. This discussion is meant to have all the possible view points on that particular subject with in a group of people and finally to deduce a definition for the subject which is acceptable by all the individuals involved. The ultimate goal for having Dialectic seems to search for the real the truth. We will write a custom essay on There are a lot many descriptions for the word dialectic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Socratic Dialectical Method Well for this I think first we should know what nature Socrates had, it will help us knowing the uniqueness of Socrates method. Socrates was a man of the Periclean age, which witnessed one of the periodic bankruptcies of science. Cosmological speculation, which had been boldly pursued from the beginning of the 6th century, seemed to have led to a chaos of conflicting systems of thought. People had turned away from pursue of science and concentrated themselves not with truth but with making a successful human life. In this time of chaos and individualism, Socrates was the most realistic person in sight. He was always searching for more than the meanings of things already had. He wanted proof of what was defined, proof which would give logical reasons for it self. He was an inquirer, unsatisfied and still looking for truth. Unlike others he was not self-centered, always ready to be corrected. His nature of being broad minded reflected his way of teaching people, which actually seems to be learning by them. This is the beauty of his method, called as The Socratic Dialectical Method. Procedure Socrates did not call people towards him self, he went out towards them and asked them their views instead of lecturing and forcing his thoughts on them. It was a dialogue form discussion, where individuals brought up their view points on a particular subject set by Socrates. On one side there was Socrates playing the role of the enquirer, asking the questions and on the other side the conversant with whom the conversation was being held, would submit to answer Socrates questions. It was actually a test of the beliefs one had by questioning them about it. Socrates let the other speak first and as he spoke Socrates brought up questions for him out of his arguments, picking up threads out of what he spoke. The primary question is not always the first question which is  raised more for dramatic purposes. Socrates persuades his conversant into teaching him the meaning of a virtue by the use of Socratic irony: that he does not know the truth but his friend must be wise and clever so that he can teach Socrates the meaning of virtue. The conversant answers Socrates primary questions by stating a definition that is to be examined by a number of secondary questions. The secondary questions often are intended to find internal inconsistencies in the definition or conclusions that are inconsistent with other views held by the conversant or by the majority of mankind. When Socrates explains these inconsistencies he formulates a refutation Greek: elenchos of the definition after several further attempts to define the subject, Socrates conversant admits that he does not know or that he now knows that he does not know. One by one all the participants of the discussion are questioned of their beliefs. Finally comes up Socrates himself, though to a higher extent he may be already knew the real truth about what the discussion was but now he knows also what others think. Here comes the ability to deduce out of all these the real and actual on which all will have to agree, unarguable and non-disagreeable because what it will b e, will be all and all out of what the people have spoken themselves. Now, Socrates end up the discussion with a new definition of the topic, a definition deduced by all of the peoples knowledge and his ability to scrutinize and extract the real these views contained. .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .postImageUrl , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:hover , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:visited , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:active { border:0!important; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:active , .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud37e4e4a519c98c86244b46f2a112e0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Metropolitan Museum of Art EssayAll the way through this conversation some steps took places, which are listed below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conversation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Concepts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Methodological Doubt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Induction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deduction Out of these the two major approaches that help the decision are; Methodic doubt no one is right and Deduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" everyones right side contributes to the final right. Briefly defining notes on both follow. Methodic Doubt A way of searching for certainty, systematically, though tentatively, doubting everything. First, all statements are classified according to type and source of knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ e.g., knowledge from tradition, empirical knowledge, and mathematical knowledge. Then, examples from each class are examined. If a way can be found to doubt the truth of any statement, then all other statements of that type are also set aside as dubitable. The doubt is methodic because it assures systematic completeness, but also because no claim is made that allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ or even that anyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ statements in a dubitable class are really false or that one must or can distrust them in an ordinary sense. The method is to set aside as conceivably false all statements and types of knowledge that are not indubitably true. The hope is that, by eliminating all statements and types of knowledge the truth of which can be doubted in any way, one will find some indubitable certainties. Deductive Approach In logic, a rigorous proof, or derivation, of one statement the conclusion from one or more statements the premisesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ i.e., a chain  of statements, each of which is either a premise or a consequence of a statement occurring earlier in the proof. This usage is a generalization of what the Greek philosopher Aristotle called the syllogism, but a syllogism is now recognized as merely a special case of a deduction. Also, the traditional view that deduction proceeds from the general to the specific or from the universal to the particular has been abandoned as incorrect by most logicians. Some experts regard all valid inference as deductive in form and, for this and other reasons reject the supposed contrast between deduction and induction. See also axiomatic method; formal system; inference. Negative Positive Socrates procedure is a negative kind of thing-it aims to find what is wrong with a belief. If a belief fails, it obviously should be rejected-either completely, or reformulated in light of their failures. However, if a belief survives questioning, we should accept it provisionally: we dont know that it is wrong, but we also dont know that it is right. A future round of questions may be its undoing. Yet it seems to be an inductive quality and has made the Socratic Method the basic of all scientific methods today. Note: Methodic Doubt, Deductive Approach and Negative Positive, all are extracts from various sources with slight changes.

Surgical Assistant Behavior Essay Example

Surgical Assistant Behavior Essay Example Surgical Assistant Behavior Essay Surgical Assistant Behavior Essay An Assistant is not the first and the main personage during the surgical process which is clearly understood by him himself. Nobody will expect from him making important independent decisions or making himself responsible for the process. Thus it might occur that an assistant will behave like an irresponsible player of the process and will not take any initiative. A surgeon himself should give all the possible assistance to his assistant remembering his experience when he was an assistant himself. An assistant should remember that although he is only assistant, his wrong actions might cause problems which consequences will be hard to correct. He should pay attention to every single word said by a surgeon, and in case he does not understand anything he should clarify what was meant but do it in such way in order not to disturb a surgeon. Being an assistant does not relieve him from the responsibility for his actions. An assistant is not a trainee, not a student or an exterior observer any more but an essential participant of the surgical process. He does not only listens to what a surgeon tells him to do but also acts on his own with competence and of course is responsible for every single action he initiated. It must always be clearly stated what function during the surgical process an assistant fulfils as well as an assistant should understand all these functions. Of course during his very first assisting he must be even more still a trainee and listener and thus his scope of responsibility is quite limited. But later on with every further surgery an assistant should be given more freedom accompanied by a growing responsibility, of course. If a surgeon sees that an assistant fulfils all the tasks correctly and confidently giving prove to every single action made he (a surgeon) might allow his assistant to take a more active part during a surgical process. If any mistake occur the two should discuss it after the process so that both are sure that such a mistake will not happen again. They should decide together how much the activity of an assistant will expand with every conducted process.

Reach More Customers by Sending an Email Newsletter

Reach More Customers Email newsletters are one of the best ways to keep your readers, clients, and supporters updated on what’s going on with your work. While email has been around for awhile, it’s effectiveness has not waned. In fact, email marketing can drive more purchases than other forms of marketing, including social media. You may already be sending other types of emails, but if you aren’t using a newsletter to communicate with your customers, you could be missing a good opportunity. It’s a great way to help build and maintain relationships with your readers and customers, which can ultimately lead to more sales. Read on to find ideas for creating a good newsletter and content ideas too. Creating a newsletter A newsletter can be anything you make it and can contain updates on books, publishing news, tips, or events you’re attending. Really, any content or information that your customers would love to know about and can help your sales is fair game. But you’ll need to keep your newsletter content fresh to keep your readers engaged, and you’ll have to send it regularly. Here are four tips to keep your newsletter generating interest: Manage expectations When people sign up to get your email newsletter tell them what type of content they can expect and how often you plan to mail. You’ll want to send at least once per month, but more often will keep your work in your reader’s minds. Don’t let the frequency scare you off, you can decide how much information should be in each one. that can hold their attention. People tend to skim emails until they find something they really want to read, so make your content easy-to-read and digest. be sure they know what they’re supposed to do when they finish reading it. Want someone to make a purchase? Go to your Facebook page? Fill in a survey? No matter what the purpose of your email, using a call-to-action can help your readers complete the action you’re looking for. Use phrases like â€Å"Read an Excerpt,† â€Å"Find Out More Now,†Ã‚   or simply â€Å"Buy Now.. Don’t forget images While a writer may not agree that a picture is worth a thousand words, they do serve important purposes in emails, so be sure to include them. An image can help sell a product, they lead your readers further into the email, and they make it easier to read Content ideas Coming up with new content for each email you send may seem daunting, but you can use a surprising amount of things you’ve already created as content. The infographic 25 Content Ideas for Your Email Newsletter has lots of great suggestions such as: Product updates Be sure your customers know about exciting new changes to your product or service. Let them know exactly what the changes are and most importantly, how these changes will (or won’t) affect them. Happy Birthday/ Anniversary Is your business celebrating a company anniversary or other milestone? Virtually invite your customers to share in the fun. FAQS Rather than waiting for customers to email you with questions, anticipate their needs and send out a list of FAQs with thoughtful answers. FAQS may seem like something outside of what a writer might need, but if you make it fun and answer common questions you get, your customers will love it. Thank you, Thank you When it comes to your customers, donors, event attendees, etc. it’s always appropriate to send an email to say, â€Å"Thank you.† Wrap up want to read. And remember, you don’t have to create everything you share in your newsletter yourself. If there’s an infographic, image, event, or blog post that someone else has created, give them credit of course, but share that with your readers. They’ll enjoy a different perspective and it can save you a lot of time. Plus you’ll look like a genius for sharing great information they may not be able to find on their own. will look forward to them, open them when they arrive and become loyal customers. Source: 25 Content Ideas for Your Email Newsletter

Economics in the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Economics in the World - Essay Example Between 2003 and 2006, trade in goods within these countries doubled. GCC states’ share of world trade increased to 2.7% from 1.9% during the same period. Total exports of goods in 1990 stood at USD 86 billion, but increased to USD 110 billion by the end of the 1990s. In 2006, total exports rose to USD 422 billion. In terms of imports, total imports were at USD 48 billion in 1990, and increased to USD 82 billion by the end of the 1990s. By 2006, the imports in the GCC states were at USD 238 billion. In 2006, the difference between imports and exports was 184 billion. The main consumer of GCC states’ exports is Asia, while the European Union accounts for nearly one third of the imports to the GCC states. In 2006, exports to Asia from the GCC states stood at 60%, with Japan accounting for 21% of the exports. Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states emerged as key global players in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This development facilitated by the enormous resources and capital that was accumulated by these countries in the course of the second oil boom experienced in the year 2002-2008. Through theinfluence of their resources, these countries started reshaping the economy of the world. This influence was more eminent in the wake of the 2007-2008 economic crisis. Partnerships with countries such as China, Russia, East and South Asian nations, and India diverted the Gulf States’ focus further eastwards (Ulrichsen 118). The global share of natural gas and oil is anticipated to increase by 5% by 2020 from 28% which was recorded in 2000. With most of these resources going to the Asian market, the GCC states will most likely increase their diversification and widen their economic interdependencies for the Asian market. According to statistics, 40% of the increase in global oil and natural gas consumption was traced to China from 2004 and 2007. In 2009, China’s import of oil from Saudi Arabia surpassed that of the United States

Political Science Study Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Science Study Review - Essay Example In this reading, we are looking at three kinds of variables, which are independent variable, dependent variable and intervening variable. Firstly, when we look at independent variable, it can be mentioned as the ethnicity of the people and the culture followed by them. The reason for this is it is on these elements the whole study of research is based on. The ethnicity and culture of the various group of people is determining the flow of the research and is the one which decides about the dependent variable and intervening variable. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the protest or rebellion. Here, it is the ethnicity and culture of people which causes protest of rebellion among various groups of minority and majority in a community. These independent and dependent variables are the cornerstone of the research and bring about a clear picture of the study conducted by the researcher. There is also intervening variable which plays a significant role in conducting the empirical study by the researcher. As per (Nevarez)â€Å"A third variable that is simultaneously independent and dependent.Here the intervening variable can be pointed out as the residential locality. Residential locality in this research study stands between ethnicity and culture of the people and the resultant factor protest or rebellion. Here, just because someone is from a particular ethnicity cannot cause protest or rebellion. Instead, there need to be a localization of different ethnical people in a locality for protest or rebellion to occur. ... The ethnicity and culture of the various group of people is determining the flow of the research and is the one which decides about the dependent variable and intervening variable. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the protest or rebellion. Here, it is the ethnicity and culture of people which causes protest of rebellion among various groups of minority and majority in a community or society. These independent and dependent variables are the cornerstone of the research and bring about a clear picture of the study conducted by the researcher. There is also intervening variable which plays a significant role in conducting the empirical study by the researcher. As per (Nevarez)â€Å"A third variable that is simultaneously independent and dependent .Here the intervening variable can be pointed out as the residential locality. Residential locality in this research study stands between ethnicity and culture of the people and the resultant factor protest or rebellion. Here, just because someone is from a particular ethnicity cannot cause protest or rebellion. Instead, there need to be a localization of different ethnical people in a locality for protest or rebellion to occur .Here we can understand that ethnicity or culture of a particular group reflects on their centralized living locality and this leads to protest and rebellion on them by major ethnical people. Causal mechanism and other factors related to research Here the causal mechanism focus on the credible pathway that connects the ethnicity and culture of a population to protest and violence. The causal mechanism in this reading which relates the independent variable to dependent variable is the religion. In her book (Tienda 5)writes â€Å"Causal inferences becomes

History of Electrocardiography Machine Essay Example for Free

History of Electrocardiography Machine Essay History of electrocardiography prevails over two centuries as an intellectual exercise as the process of inventing an electrocardiogram started with the Galvani’s idea of animal electricity. In 1842 this idea was further reinforced by Italian physicist Carlo Matteucci who illustrated by his experiments that electric current could be quantified from inactive heart muscle. German physiologist Emil Dubois-Reymond further explored this phenomenon and confirmed Carlo Matteucci’s conclusion and labeled this changing current in the resting muscle as â€Å"action potential†. He further developed a device that could deliver stimulation pulses to the muscles and was capable of computing discharge current of muscles at short intervals. In 1856 Rudolph von Koelliker and Heinrich Muller recorded an â€Å"action potentialâ€Å"on the spotaneous beating heart. But the major development came in 1872 when French physicist Gabriel Lippmann introduced a capillary electrometer. This capillary electrometer was based on the principle of â€Å"polarization† and â€Å"surface tension†. Structurally it was a slender glass tube with mercury-sulphuric acid base. The mercury meniscus stirred with the influx of electrical potential and was observable by a microscope. In 1893, Willem Einthoven who is considered as the inventor of modern electric cardiogram and its various principles used the term electrocardiogram at a conference of the Dutch Medical Association. But major development occurred during the three years staring from 1901 when Einthoven dissatisfied with capillary electrometer and it slow response, designed a string galvanometer. This galvanometer contained a string eletromagnet to produce a magnetic flux, two piece poles, a quartz string between the two piece poles, peepholes in the two piece poles to observe the position of string. It further contained a lamp and timing systen to examine the shadow of string at different time intervals. The weight of this whole apparatus was about 600 pounds. He further modified the string galvanometer to invent a more effective electrocardiograms. However in 1902, Einthoven brought out the first electrocardiogram that was recorded on his string galvanometer. This was a giant’s leap in the history of bio-medical. In order to produce string galvanometer on commercial level, Einthoven discussed the possibilities with Horace Darwin of Cambridge Scientific Instruments Company of London. So this event made the electrocardiogram to come out of experimentation and to be used in medical profession. Einthoven, in 1906, circulated the first presentation electrocardiograms recorded with a string galvanometer. These electrocardiograms included the specimen of left and right ventricular and atrial, atrial flutter, ventricular premature beats etc. In 1910, Horatio Williams who was professor at Cornell University Medical College, New York issued electrocardiograms of patient that manifest atrial and ventricular ectopics, ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation that were recorded in hospital using a complex system of cables. This was first large-scale use of electrocardiograms in the hospitals. With the advent and introduction of vacuum tubes, the electric galvanometer was further modified and improved. In 1926, Ernestine and Levine used these vacuum tubes to produce enlarged images. Cathode rays tube further helped to produce portable electrocardiograms. Today electrocardiograms works on the same principles that were devised Einthoven in the first decade of 20th century. References Burchell HB. A centennial note on Waller and the first human electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:979-983 Burch, G.E. A History of Electrocardiography. Chicago. Year Book Medical. 1964. Burnett J. The origins of the electrocardiograph as a clinical instrument. Medical History Supplement 5: 1985, 53-76. Published as a monograph. The emergence of modern cardiology. Bynum WF, Lawrence C, Nutton V, eds. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine:1985. Fye WB. A history of the origin, evolution, and impact of electrocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1994;73:937-949 Plonsey, R. Bioelectric Phenomenon. New York. McGraw-Hill. 1972.

The Moor in the Works of William Shakespeare Essay -- Biography Biogra

The Sources and Representations of the Moor in the Works of Shakespeare      Ã‚  Ã‚   One theme consistently reemployed throughout Shakespeare's plays is that of the Other. The Other is usually characterized as a character that is somehow separated, stigmatized, or noted as being different from the mainstream ideal. For the Elizabethan England of Shakespeare's time, it may have been a self-defensive maneuver against the encroachment of something which threatened too close to home (Bartels 450). Bryant lists several methods used to employ this convention of the Other: race such as that of Shylock and Aaron, nationality as in Iachimo, bastardy such as the characters Don John and Edmund, social status such as that belonging to Iago, and deformity, for example, Richard III (35). Not every Other is characterized as evil, but nonetheless depicted as being somehow different or separated from society. Characters such as Malvolio, Faulconbridge, Macbeth, and Othello are of this subdivision.       One sect of Otherness is that of race. During this time, England seems at first glance to be separated culturally from any area of the Ottoman Empire. However, this assumption proves to be false. There are four characters in Shakespeare's plays, Caliban, Othello, the Prince of Morocco, and Aaron, who are of distinctly African, or Moorish heritage. Whether these persons were of Negro, Berber, Spanish, or Arab descent is definitely in question. The use of the term Moor also is of importance. This word is used to describe Aaron and Othello, but not to describe Caliban or the Prince of Morocco, both who come from areas classically referred to as being Moorish. The origin of the word Moor comes from the word mauri. Mauri refers to the Berbers w... ...ntic Review. 55.4 (1990): 1-17. Bryant, J.A. Jr. "Aaron and the Pattern of Shakespeare's Villains." Renaissance Papers. (1984): 29-36. Burshatin, Israel. "The Moor in Text: Metaphor, Emblem, and Silence." Critical Inquiry. 12.1 (1985): 98-118. D'Amico, Jack. The Moor in English Renaissance Drama. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1991. Everett, Barbara. " 'Spanish' Othello: The Making of Shakespeare's Moor." Shakespeare Survey. 35 (1982): 101-112. Jones, Eldred. The Elizabethan Image of Africa. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1971. Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Kenneth Myrick. New York: Signet, 1965. ---. Othello. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Bantam Books, 1988. ---. The Tempest. Ed. Charles W. Eliot. New York: P.F. Collier & Sons, 1969. ---. Titus Andronicus. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet, 1964.

Chapter 2 Principles of Management

Fundamentals of Social Responsibility: Corporate Social Responsibility: The managerial obligation to take action that protects and improves both the welfare of society as a whole and the interests of the organization. Davis Model of Corporate Social Responsibility: Keith Davis: A generally accepted model of corporate social responsibility. List of 5 propositions that describe why and how business should adhere to obligation to take action that protects and improves the welfare of society as well as of the organization.Davis model: Proposition 1: Social responsibility arises from social power: Business has power over society and can influence minority and environmental pollution issues. Proposition 2: Business should operate a 2 way system: Inputs from society and open disclosure to the public. Proposition 3: Social costs and benefits shall be considered prior to proceeding: Profits are not the only factors involved.Proposition 4: Social costs shall be passed on to the consumer: Busin ess can bot be expected to foot the bill for social activities; the cost must be passed along to the consumer as well. Proposition 5: Business has a responsibility for some social problems outside their normal area of operation: Business should help solve social problems, if they can. Performance of Social Responsibility Activities by Business: Perform all legally required social responsibility activities. Consider voluntarily performing social responsibility activities beyond those legally required.Inform all relevant individuals of the extent to which the organization will become involved in performing social responsibility activities. Performing Required Social Responsibility Activities: Federal Legislation requires that business perform certain social responsibility activities. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA): Enforces socially responsible environmental standards. Equal pay act of 1963: Equal pay for equal work. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972: Highway Safety Act o f 1978 Clean Air/ Act Amendment of 1990.Voluntarily Performing Social Responsibility Activities: Assessing the positive and negative outcomes of performing social responsibility activities over both the short and long term, and the performing only those activities that maximize management system success while making a desirable contribution to the welfare of society. Social Responsiveness: The degree of effectiveness and efficiency an organization displays in pursuing its social responsibilities. Determining Whether a Social Responsibility Exists: Determine which specific social obligation are implied by specific business situations.Ex: tobacco execs need to consider reducing harm to public while increasing revenues. Social Responsiveness and Decision Making: Socially responsible organizations are both effective and efficient in meeting its social responsibilities without wasting organizational resources in the process. Approaches to meeting Social Responsibilities: Two types of pro posed approaches: Lipson S. Prakash Sethi Lipson's Approach: Incorporate social goals into the annual planning process. Seeks comparative industry norms of social programs.Presents reports to all stakeholders on social responsibility progress. Experiments with different approaches for measuring social performance. Attempts to measure the cost of social programs as well as the return on social program investments. S Prakash Sethi's Approach: Social obligation approach: Business has economic purpose and social responsibility is covered by legislature. Social responsibility approach: Business has both economic and societal goals. Social responsiveness approach: Business has both economic and societal goals but anticipates future impact of business practices.Planning Social Responsibility Activities: Determining how the organization will achieve its social responsibility objectives. Converting Organizational Policies on Social Responsibility into Action: Phase 1: Recognition, by top man agement, that the organization has some social obligation. Phase 2: Technical staff give input to top management for implementation. Phase 3: Complete employee acceptance of strategy and responsibility for implementation. Controlling Social Responsibility Activities:Managers assess or measure what is occurring in the organization and, if necessary, change these occurrences in some way to make them conform to plans. Areas of Measurement: Economic function area: Measure of economic contribution the organization is making to society such as fair wages, worker, safety, etc.. Quality of life area: Whether the organization is upholding or improving the general quality of life such as producing high quality items, preserving the natural environment, etc.. Social investment area: Assisting community organizations to solve social problemes such as education, charities, etc..Problem solving area: Dealing with social problems such as long-rang community problems. Social Audit: The process of m easuring the present social responsibility activities of an organization to assess its performance in this area. How society can help business meet social obligations: Set rules that are clear and consistent: Keep the rules technically feasible. Make sure the rules are economically feasible. Make the rules prospective, not retro-active. Make the rules goal setting, not procedure prescribing. Definition of Ethics:The capacity to reflect on values in the corporate decision-making process, to determining how these values and decisions affect various stake holder groups, and to establish how mangers can use these observations in day to day company management.. Why Ethics is a vital part of management practices: Productivity: If employees are treated ethically they will be loyal and productive. Stakeholder Relations: A positive public image is good for business. Government Regulation: If organization behave ethically, there is less pressure on regulation and corporate over-sight.Code of ethics: A formal statement that acts as a guide for the ethics of how people within a particular organization should act and make decisions. Creating an ethical workplace: The golden rule: Do unto others†¦ The Utilitarian principles: Greatest good for greatest number. Kant's categorical imperative: Universal rule of behavior; fairness. The professional ethics: Assume you are being judged by peers. The T. V. Test: Would you be comfortable saying it in front of national T. V.? The legal test: Is it legal? The four way test: Is it rightful?Is it fair? Will it build good will? Will it be beneficial. Sarbanes-Oxley Reform Standards Passed in 2002 to prevent future deception in publically owned companies. Focuses on promoting ethical conduct. Areas covered include maintaining GAAP, evaluating executive compensation, monitoring fundamental business strategies, understanding and mitigating major risk, and ensuring company structure and process that enhance integrity and reputation. Sup ports whistle-blowing to discourage deceptive management practices. Consequences: Significant fines and jail time.

How does Dickens examine the social problems of his age in A Christmas Carol?’ Essay

Through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge; Dickens observes the social problems of the world within the novel A Christmas Carol. Dickens examines the social problems this world faces which some of us may have thought about from time to time, however none daring enough to comment on like Dickens have done. The social problems that Dickens lays out within his novel, A Christmas Carol though the character of Ebenezer Scrooge include: Christmas is just a time of a year where you are left poorer, without money you cannot be happy in life, and finally Observes that you should look after yourself and only yourself in life. Christmas is just a time of year where you are left poorer. This examination is shown within the novel A Christmas Carol, through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge. Ebenezer Scrooge stated â€Å"What’s Christmas time to you but a time for paying bills without money; a time for finding yourself a year older, but not an hour richer; a time for balancing your books and having every item in ’em through a round dozen of months presented dead against you?† This is one way of thinking about Christmas, however Dickens also observed Christmas in a whole lighter sense through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge’s nephew Fred. Fred shared a whole different way of observing Christmas when he stated â€Å"I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round — apart from the veneration due to its sacred name and origin, if anything belonging to it can be apart from that — as a good time: a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time: the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow-passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys.† These are two very different and conflicting observations noticed and presented within A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Without money you cannot be happy. This analogy is presented once again through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge in his conflicting confrontation with his nephew Fred. After Ebenezer Scrooge’s nephew; Fred pushed his luck a bit too far with his â€Å"merry Christmas†¦ God bless† speech, Ebenezer Scrooge brought out all his thoughts to the table stating mainly that you cannot surely be happy if you have no money. Ebenezer Scrooge has stated this when he mentioned `Merry Christmas! What right have you to be merry? what reason have you to be merry? You’re poor enough.† Or how about this following statement when Ebenezer Scrooge notes the following; â€Å"Much good may it do you! Much good it has ever done you!† (In other words stating that good only derives from profit and not happiness.) and finally the last quote â€Å"My clerk, with fifteen shillings a week, and a wife and family, talking about a merry Christmas. I’ll retire to Bedlam.à ¢â‚¬  This is one of Dickens examinations of the social problems within our world, presented through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge. You should look after yourself and only yourself in life, is the Last and final observation from Mr. Dickens on the topic concerning the social problems of his age in a Christmas Carol. Mr. Dickens makes this very clear through the Character of Ebenezer Scrooge in the novel A Christmas Carol through the confronting and some may be unpleasant comments. Scrooge states the following; â€Å"I don’t make merry myself at Christmas and I can’t afford to make idle people merry.† Or â€Å"If they would rather die†¦.they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.† And the final quote; â€Å"It’s not my business,† Scrooge returned. â€Å"It’s enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to interfere with other people. Mine occupies me constantly. Good afternoon, gentlemen!† Dickens has brought a vast variety of observations towards the topic, the social problems of his age in the novel A Christmas Carol. The majority of observations were presented through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge, however one examination was presented by Ebenezer Scrooge’s nephew called Fred. This novel was made to open the minds of the norm to see other ways the rare person may see and observe life, situations, and Christmas.

Federalism Essay essays

Federalism Essay essays Federalism is a political system comprised of several local units of government and one national government that can both make decisions with respect to at least some governmental activities and whose existence is specially protected. Sovereignty is shared so that on some matters the national government is supreme, and on some matters the state governments are supreme. But in the last twenty-five years, the increase of federal mandates on state and local governments has shifted the balance of power between national and state governments. The national government is beginning to have more control over the states actions. Federal mandates are rules imposed by the federal government on the states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs. Unfunded federal mandates usually concern civil rights or the environment. Since the 1970s, the number of federal mandates imposed by Congress and the courts have greatly increased. As more mandates are created by Congress, the national government gains more control over the state governments. The states follow the conditions laid out in the mandates so that they will be eligible to receive money in the form of federal grants. Therefore, the national government is becoming more powerful and the state and local governments are becoming more dependent on and in some ways, subservient to it. One recently enacted mandate is the Americans with Disabilities Act, which was enacted in 1990. It requires businesses and state and local governments to provide the disabled with equal access to services, employment, buildings, and transportation. The objective of this mandate was to give disabled persons equal opportunities and services, and remove any discrimination. Fiscally, this act has created another burden for state and local governments. Local governments are now responsible for making sure that ...

WASHINGTON Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

WASHINGTON Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning The Washington surname is believed to have originated with the English place name Washington, the name of a parish in Durham, five miles from Gateshead, and also of a parish in Sussex, ten miles from Shoreham. The original bearer of this surname could, therefore, have hailed from either of these places. The Washington place name itself is derived from the Old English personal name wassa, which means hunting, combined with the locative suffix -thn, meaning settlement, homestead. Another possible origin for the place name comes from weis, meaning wash, or the shallow part of a river, plus ing, or a meadow or low ground, and ton, for dun, a hill or town.  Thus the place name Washington could have been used to describe a town located on a wash or creek. Alternate Surname Spellings:  WASHINTON, WASSINGTON, WASSINGETON Surname Origin: English Where the Washington Surname Is Found According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Washington surname is most popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia, followed by Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Alabama. Outside of the U.S., the largest numbers of individuals as a percentage of the total population are found in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom (most particularly in England). Famous People with the Washington Surname Booker T. Washington - educator and civil rights activistDenzel Washington - American film actorKenny Washington -  one of two black athletes to reintegrate the NFL in 1946 Genealogy Resources for the Surname WASHINGTON Meanings of Common English Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your English last name with this free guide to English surname meanings and origins for the most common English surnames.Washington: the Blackest Name in America: Huffington Post article discussion statistics from the 2000 U.S. census which points to 90% percent of individuals with the Washington surname identifying as African-American, a much higher percentage than with other common last names.Washington Surname DNA Project: The Washington Surname DNA Project originally began as a means for two different Washington family lines to try and determine if they were related through Y-DNA testing. Since that time, additional Washington families have joined the project.  WASHINGTON Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Washington ancestors around the world.FamilySearch - WASHINGTON Genealogy: Search or browse for free access to 1.6 million digitized records and lineage-linked family trees f or the Washington surname on FamilySearch.org, the website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WASHINGTON Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Washington surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - WASHINGTON Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Washington.The Washington Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Washington surname from the website of Genealogy Today.Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name MeaningsCant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Culinary Tourism Food and Drink Product Inventory Assignment

Culinary Tourism Food and Drink Product Inventory - Assignment Example If the tourist people obtain their home country food in outside nations, they become highly attractive and visit the same in a frequent way (Knight, 2012). In relation to the above context, the assignment intends to create a food and drink inventory and likewise prepare a report based on culinary tourism food and drink products of a destination i.e. Sussex located in New Brunswick in the nation of Canada. Secondary method of data collection is appropriate for this research study to collect information for preparing the food and drink inventory report. It will be vital to mention in this regard that journals, articles and online sources relevant to specific topic of a study are deemed to be the decisive sources of secondary data collection method through which valuable and relevant information can be acquired. Through secondary sources, it is possible to gather accurate and recent information about any stated topic. Secondary data collection is also important for this research study to identify any sort of persisted research problem and derive effective solutions to resolve the same. It will be vital to mention in relation to the above context that the adoption as well as the review of varied secondary sources would certainly provide a better comprehension about how to promote the progression of culinary tourism specifically in Sussex, which is positioned in Canada. Apart from this, s uch sources would aid in examining the varied food products that persist in this specific region (Ut, 2013). It has been earlier mentioned that culinary tourism can also be related to food and drink tourism, which signifies that it is not only limited to food and drink sector, but also correlated to cultural aspects tourism. It can be ascertained that the food as well as drink menu is deemed to be different from one nation to another.

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the difference between art and Essay

In george orwell's Animal Farm, what is the difference between art and propanda - Essay Example The process of achieving absolute power, the art of misinformation, and the way oppressed are perpetually oppressed in order to enjoy political power are allegorically portrayed in Animal Farm by the skilful use of irony and satire. A close scrutiny of the role of art and propaganda in Animal Farm is the focus of this paper. For a totalitarian government propaganda is essential in order to influence its audience. After selecting some important facts or information, they are presented in such a persuasive manner that they get injected into the minds of the people with little resistance. Propaganda is also needed to counter this kind of move. For example â€Å"our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies†, tells Old Major to his comrades (Ch. 1). The revolutionary spirit is thus put in the minds of the general public, by Old Major, in Manor Farm. Therefore, propaganda is an inevitable political t ool in a society. The problem arises when the information is selected with a sinister motive, to achieve some selfish interest for a person or a party, or when it becomes harmful to the people, in this book for the animals: "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one" (Ch. 1V). The stress here is on the emotional response rather than on the rational response. This kind of propaganda is used to further some political agenda without taking the welfare of the people into consideration. Ultimately it also assumes the form of political warfare, leading to totalitarianism. Orwell has not written his novel to appease any particular party. John Rodden writes, â€Å"Orwell reportedly told his friend Stephen Spender, the well-known English poet, that he â€Å"had not written a book against Stalin in order to provide propaganda for capitalists† (Rodden, 135). Therefore, Animal Farm is to be seen as a work of art written to condemn all forms of totalitarianism. Animal Farm, the refore, is not a political work intended to propagate that totalitarianism is bad. On the contrary, it is a literary work which only takes the evil nature of totalitarianism as its content. It enables the students to study all aspects of satire, and also enlightens them on how effective allegory is in literature. Character development is superb in Animal Farm. â€Å"Squealer, with very round cheeks, twinkling eyes, nimble movements, and a shrill voice† reveals his true nature (Ch. 11). Orwell gives minute details of each and every animal, its natural instincts, without forgetting that they are the caricatures of great political personalities. Their role is to propagate to the readers the idiosyncrasies of their human originals in politics they represent, and they do it extremely well without forgetting their original tails or wings. Variety is the richness of Animal Farm, an assembly of complex and conflicting characters uniting for a purpose. They reenact the historical and political events superbly, which if presented as a book of history or politics would have generated repulsion and boredom. In the hands of Orwell art and propaganda converge to gift to the readers a fantastic piece of literary work. The working class is presented in the novel very

Interpersonal Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example For example in the case study Prisca refers to her client, Mrs. Roberts as auntie, as a form of respect. The three methods of interpersonal interaction include non-verbal communication, written communication and oral communication. Non-verbal communication involves facial expressions, gestures demonstrate by the body language, physical distance between the parties involved in the communication process, tonal variation and the pitch of the voice. Non-verbal offers clues as well as additional information and meaning over and beyond the spoken words or communication (Downs and Adrian, 2004, 02-04). Non-verbal communication may be deliberate or unintentional. It serves to reinforce the words that are being spoken, convey information on the emotional state of an individual and regulating the flow of information. In the case study, non-verbal communication is made evident when Mrs. Roberts walks down the path in her bed clothes and slippers while carrying her shopping bag. Through that gesture, she wanted to demonstrate her deep anger and frustration as a result of the delay by Prisca. Written communication is another form of interpersonal communication in which the parties involved interacted through writing. This form of interaction is mainly used in formal circumstances or when communicating to a deaf and dumb person who is able to read and write. It is less interactive as reading and writing may consume a lot of time. This form of communication is likely to be applied in the case of Mrs. Roberts who has challenges with hearing. Verbal communication occurs when there is sharing of information between individuals through speech. This can be monitored through ensuring that the enunciation, tone and stress in which the words have been expressed is applied in the right context. The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communication is a two-way process which are speaking and

Proton Was Incorporated In May Marketing Essay

Proton Was Incorporated In May Marketing Essay Introduction Proton was incorporated in May 7, 1983. Proton is Malaysias first national car maker company. Proton is a Malaysian automobile manufacturer headquartered in Subang Jaya and Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, with a manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim, Perak. It all began in 1979, Malaysias Father of Modernization, Tun Mahathir Mohamad, (the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia), mooted the idea of establishing an automotive assembling and manufacturing industry in our country. Proton successfully produced its Malaysias first car, the Proton Saga, which is commercially launched on July 9, 1985 by our prime minister who had originally conceived the idea of a Malaysian car (History of Proton Malaysia, 2010). Protons objectives include the development of indigenous research and development capabilities, world class manufacturing and production standards, design capabilities as well as a presence in the global market. To further cement their successes, they come out with the new model such as Persona, Exora, New Saga and Preve. According to Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, Proton Preve has been developed accordance with global standards of quality and safety (Proton unveils latest car model the Preve, 2012). Today, they are constantly seeking progress that drives PROTON as a brand that encompasses not only making the best cars, but embracing the values that comes with it. Currently, export is one of the mode entries that Proton is using to expand its market. For instance, Proton cars are making their mark internationally as competitive and innovative automobiles. They are now being exported to 50 countries including the highly competitive United Kingdom and continental European markets. In order to reach the commitment from customers, business associates, shareholders, government agencies, and employees, Proton is realizing its goal of being an internationally successful Malaysian automotive manufacturer. It is achieving this by being customer oriented and by producing competitively priced and innovative products. Besides that, Proton has agreed with Chinas carmaker company, Hawtai Motor Group Ltd on Memorandum of Understanding (MoU to gain collaboration in product development and give licensing on its current models to Hawtai Motor Group to be manufactured by Hawtai in China (Proton signs MoU with Chinas Hawtai Motor, 2011). Main purpose for this collaboration is to develop the new models by sharing the cost and joint design. This enables Proton to lower down their cost and discover the potential cross-supplying of components from local Malaysian vendors to China. Proton also has relationship with the Youngman Automobile Group located in China. Youngman Automobile Group has been buying the Gen2 model from Proton since 2007 and selling the model under its own brand name. Proton is an automobile technology that is the pride and symbol of Malaysian innovation and dedication. Proton is preparing ahead now, with a view to globalize throughout the world. They will be breaking new grounds, opening n ew markets, and delighting new customers. Current Expansions Joint Venture Proton Holdings Berhad has a joint venture with Chinas Hawtai Motor Group Ltd to extend their expansion to China. They had come out with an agreement of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Chinas Hawtai Motor Group Ltd to explore collaboration in their product development that allow Malaysian car manufacturer to expand their business to China (Zaharin, 2011). Besides, Proton will also license its current models which are Proton Exora and the upcoming model presently coded P3-21A to Hawtai Motor Group. These two models will only sell in Chinese domestic market and there are under Hawtai brand and maybe with co-naming with Proton because they had joint venture to extend their brand to worldwide so that everyone in different country will know their brand (Zaharin, 2011). According to Proton Group Managing Director, Dato Sri Haji Syed Zainal Abidin, Proton are now concerning into new models that manufactured by Hawtai Motor Group and it is suitable to redevelop to act as the substitut e for existing Proton models so that the development and tooling costs will be shared by both companies (Proton signs MoU with Chinas Hawtai Motor, 2011). Partnership Proton-Lotus engineering is also having partnership with Youngman. Youngman is a family-owned company which is located in Jinhua, Zhejiang and now it has renamed itself as Engineered by Lotus. The car with the brand name of T5 SUV is the production of car upon the partnership between them. T5 SUV is the extended form of Gen-2 platform and it will use engines from Protons CPS upwards and will be priced in the range of RM 50,000 to RM 75,000. In order to going global, they also designed right-hand drive version and also left-hand version so that the model can be acceptable by all the nations and sold worldwide (Vong, 2012). Proton Holding Berhad is also carry out partnership with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation which is located in Japan. This partnership was found to be failing due to the lack of technology transfer in year 2005. Proton has established a 20 years old relationship with Mitsubishi, but in the end it still broke down (Tan, 2005). However, Proton and Mitsubishi still wish to extend their partnership option in year 2008. Upon the partnership, Mitsubishi will be able to deal with the development and production of all vehicles which is under Proton brand and Proton also allows building new Mitsubishi-based vehicles (Klose, 2008). Export    Since 1983, Proton has established its automotive position consistently in producing and exporting cars. Currently, Proton has risen to a level where it has exported to more than fifty countries which include traditional export markets such as United Kingdom, Asia and South America including Australia, Turkey, Russia, India, Laos, Egypt and Argentina. Other than that, Proton is also aggressively expanding their business in other countries including Middle East and South Africa (Gabilaia, 2001).  However, Proton  does not export cars in the United States because of strict American regulations (Aero, 2012  ). Proton started its international exporting in the late 1980 which exports from Malaysia to other right hand drive markets like New Zealand. However, it was not as success as compared to the United Kingdom so Proton had withdrawn from the New Zealand market in 1990 (Mandalina landy, 2009). When Proton first export of cars in Europe was started in 1988 where it exported to Republic of Ireland and a year later, they expand their export market to United Kingdom. There was a large unit of cars being exported to United Kingdom and Ireland in 1989 since the United Kingdom is the largest export market of Proton. They export the cars through its distributor in UK which is its subsidiary, Proton Cars (UK) Ltd. When Proton decided to export their car in UK, it shows a significantly improvement on the overall sales performance and increase in production units. According to Mandalina landy, Proton somewhat suffered poor quality product has made Protons image in UK being affected included the sale s of the car dropped 14 900 units in  1993  to 4 600 in  1998. In addition, Proton also has suffered for intensive competition from other countries in automotive industry such as Japanese and South Korean carmakers. Therefore, Proton is too rely on its major export market in United Kingdom, Proton can export to other European countries since the company has not much expansion towards European countries. Even though ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreements has been reduced the trade of entry to ASEAN country makes Proton decided to make further expansion to ASEAN country (Mandalina landy, 2009) but it just with a small units of car exports to Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Thus, it contributed to lower in term of Protons production and profitability. There are six original members of AFTA: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia,  Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Now AFTA has included 4 members which are Vietnam, Laos, Myammar and Cambodia (Gabilaia, 2001). According to Aero, Proton does not officially exported their car to Vietnam. Besides, South Africa is the second country after Singapore where Proton has exported Satria Neo (Thestar, 2006). Proton would still retain its status as a national carmaker, but they will be focusing on its export markets (Choong, 2012). This can help Proton to offset the poor sales pe rformance on other export markets such as european market. Generally, Proton enters into some other countrys market via signing a distributor agreement with local based distributor such as Indonesia, Thailand and Australia. Forward  integration  is one of the strategies in order for Proton to gain the ownership control of its distributor. Thus, through signing distributor agreement that Proton as owner and controller of the distributorship of Proton cars can increases its control over its distributor. Besides, countries with left hand driving culture such as Singapore and Australia, Proton are producing and exporting left-hand car models to enter the market whereas neighboring market such as Thailand and Indonesia, Proton are serving them with right hand drive model of cars. Since car exports  are contributing substantial revenues for Proton. Therefore,  from 2008 onwards, Proton plans to push for annual car exports to 100,000 within the next few years (Neil McDonald, 2006). Acquisition Due to a lack of technology transfer, Proton has ended partnership with its major supplier Mitsubishi Motor in 2004 (Alborz Fallah, 2007). However, it does not affect Proton much regarding the supply of component part since they had been acquired Lotus Cars Company in 1996. Through acquisition, Proton able to obtain an additional source of engineering and automotive expertise since Lotus is well known with its engineering design and technology knowhow. According to Gabilaia, Proton is doing research and development with Lotus engineering and Petronas Formula1 team in order to build their own national car with their own engine without relies on the some component part supplied by Mitsubishi. As Proton was lacking of competitiveness in domestic and international markets, several measures were taken to upgrade the company over the years. The turnaround point was through acquisition of Lotus by Proton, Proton  is gaining the advantages from lotus in term of a major RD house through the well regarded  Lotus  Engineering as well as enter into European market which have been traditionally less responsive to Proton. Since Proton did the usual mistake among late coming automakers exporting from the very start to expand to the most competitive markets in the global North, it had made Proton suffered poor image quality. Thus, Proton regain the opportunity to go after a completely different customer segment without eroding the Proton brand in European market through acquired Lotus (Abdur-Rahman Syed, 2011). Future Expansions Partnership Proton has expanded over 50 countries in the world but they have yet to capture a big presence in Asia nations. As we know, India has the worlds second largest population in nations after China. Proton should target India to expand their operations since Indias market is not as compact as China yet which is still very prospective. As the failure of developing a concrete partnership agreement between German automaker Volkswagen and Proton (Paul Tan, 2006), Proton should gain another partner to broaden their market. Thus, we suggest Proton to pursue a partnership with the Japanese car-maker, Maruti Suzuki, a subsidiary company of Suzuki Motor Corporations which is a carmaker leader in India. Maruti Suzuki is a leading automobile manufacturer and the market leader in India car segment. By having a partnership relationship with Maruti Suzuki, Proton can easily capture the Indian market by the existence of well brand reputation of Maruti Suzuki in India. Maruti Suzuki has established a highly profitable joint venture with the India government that creates nearly monopolistic trade in the Indian automobile market. This is also one of the reason why Maruti Suzuki able to become Indias largest passenger car company. Through this joint venture, Proton can avoid many complex regulatory procedures from government department while entering India market. On the other hand, in order to continually dominate India domestic car market opportunities, Proton can propose to Maruti Suzuki with its multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), Proton Exora to be launched to the India domestic market. Although Maruti Suzuki has its own MPV in India but the price is much higher than Proton Exora. Indias car market does not have much (MPV) with a lower price. Proton Exora can offer a lower price than other MPV cars currently existing in the market. The proposal is likely to be successful because the MPV cars price is much higher than Proton Exora. Besides, Proton can collaborate with Maruti Suzuki in making diesel-powered car. The demand for diesel-powered vehicles has surged in the country following the widening gap between prices of petrol and diesel. (Maruti Suzuki may not meet 10% sales growth target in FY13, 2012) The gap between prices of petrol and diesel widening from Rs9.83 to Rs25 now, obviously there has been a shift in demand towards diesel. Proton can support the manufacturing process of diesel car by exporting their technology from Malaysia to India. For example, Lotus Omnivore engine which offers a 10% increase in fuel efficiency compared to stratified direct injection engines. Based on Protons current practices, we know that Proton is exporting their cars to its major countries like United Kingdom. This practice indicates that their exporting strategy is too narrow because they just focus on exporting large units in one country. Proton should focus more in exporting large units of cars to ASEAN country like Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan and so on. It is because these countries have the lower-cost based locations where it can provide low-rate of warehouse to put their cars (Hills, 2011). Moreover, it can also lower the paid for substantial costs of establishing manufacturing operation compared to United Kingdom (Hills, 2011). Another issue of exporting cars is the transportation costs; in which it requires high exporting cost to export car units to other countries (Hills, 2011). This will lead to low profitability and high expenses. Proton should try another mode entry instead of exporting, they can choose manufacture their car units regionally like wholly owned subsidiaries (Hills, 2011). Recently, Proton has selected a new entry mode like joint ventures with Chinas Hawtai Motor Group Ltd in China (Zaharin, 2011). The disadvantage of this practice is risky because it will reduce Protons controlling power to its partner (Hills, 2011). For example, Proton Exora and P3-21A only can sell in China and it is under Hawtai brand. It shows that Proton has no power to make any decision in China market. In addition, Proton would not have the full control over their partners. A good example, all models will be manufactured by Hawtai Motor Group for redeveloping to substitute Proton models in China (Zaharin, 2011). Furthermore, this practice would lead to battles and conflicts for control between the firms if their main objectives and goals are different and it may arise different point of views. For example, Proton Holding Berhad and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation where the partner give a slow pace of technology transfer and lead to end up their partnership in 2005 (Tan, 2005). This kind of problems would be serious if both of the firms are from different country due to the different views and perceptions. In order to prevent this problem arise, one of their partner must have a full controlling interest (Hills, 2011). Acquisition Acquisition is a good expansion strategy to be implemented but a suitable acquisition is vital in order to make profit. Acoording to Proton Cars Berhad managing director, Dato Syed Zainel, Proton is looking forward to be more export oriented in the future. Protons strategies dovetail particularly in the areas of quality enhancement and improvement, cost improvement and enhancement of production efficiency (Future plan- Proton, 2008). In my opinion, Proton should acquire carmaker which has more similarity of car category as Proton such as Mitsubishi. Instead of partnering with Mitsubishi, Proton should acquire their company since Proton is funded by government and has higher capital compared to Mitsubishi, a fully private owned company. Mitsubishi is also a well recognized carmaker company globally which can help Proton to boost up its brand name. Currently, Proton is already the partner of Mitsubishi Corporation under the partnership with EON Berhad since 2005 (Mitsubishi Motors, 2012). Mitsubishi is making losses in the European countries due to difficult operating environment and in debt-hit continent and is expecting to end manufacturing automobiles in Europe by end of 2012 (Loss-making Mitsubishi, 2012). This condition would be a favorable opportunity for Proton to acquire Mitsubishi. By acquiring Mitsubishi, Proton can gain benefit by sharing Mitsubishis global network to make exportation to uncovered regions such as North and South America, Africa and Oceania which are already the global network of Mitsubishi (Global Network Mitsubishi, 2012). In North America, Proton can export its car to countries like United States, Canada and Mexico which made up of high income (U.S.A), middle income (Canada) and lower income (Mexico) customers. With these varieties of income level, Proton should export cars of different price ranges to fulfill the American requirements. Currently, Proton does not export their cars to United States of America due to strict regulation of their government. By acquiring Mitsubishi, Proton can gain benefit by indirectly scheming into the American market. In Africa, Proton can export its car to countries like Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Kenya which mostly are made up of low income citizens which cannot afford expensive cars. Proton can produce cars which are of lower prices compared to prices of other carmaker companies offering them in the market to capture the African market. Meanwhile, Proton can scheme into customers that are not so fussy in countries like New Zealand and Palau in Oceania. Oceania societies are not very fussy in picking up car brand like Proton may be new to them but able to prosper at the same time. Other than using Mitsubishis global network to do exportation, Proton can get benefit by adopting Mitsubishis Japanese technology which is very innovative, effective and efficient. As we know, Proton often criticized for not being innovative enough in designing their car models. By acquiring Mitsubishi, Proton can gain full ownership of Mitsubishis Research and Development centre. Thus, Proton can send its local engineer to learn the Japanese innovation and technology. Mitsubishis technology also can benefits Proton by enhancing the quality and production efficiency of Protons car and making cost improvement As mentioned in the current expansion, Proton had acquired Lotus which has a strong market branding in the European continent (Lotus Purchased by Proton, 1996). Proton can use Mitsubishi technology to manufacture their cars and at the same time uses the Lotus branding to market their cars to the European continent to reposition both Mitsubishi and Proton among the European countries. By acquiring Mitsubishi in the future not only Proton can improve the production of their car in terms of quality but can also globalize our local brand across all continents. Conclusion In conclusion, Proton is an example of successful national car maker. Due to strong government support, Proton car became an icon of both personal and national success in Malaysia. Proton provides good quality and affordable car in order to encourage local residents to purchase and promote patriotism. There are plenty of ways of expanding a business. Proton has been expanding their business in other countries to fit the customers changing needs and also competing in this highly competitive market. The first current expansion strategy used by Proton is by exporting their product to other countries. Proton had successfully penetrated into United Kingdom, South America as well as Asian countries after meeting a number of challenges in terms of quality problems and regulations of other countries. Subsequently, acquisition is also one of the expansion strategies. Proton had acquired Lotus after ended its partnership with Mitsubishi. Proton is gaining the advantages from Lotus in term of a major RD and expertise to develop its own engine without relies on Mitsubishi. In 2011, proton has joint venture with Chinas Hawtai Motor Group Ltd to extend their expansion to China. Proton will license its current models which are Proton Exora and the upcoming model presently coded P3-21A to Hawtai Motor Group to extend their brand to worldwide so that everyone in different country can recognize their brand. Proton Holding Berhad was carrying out partnership with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation which is located in Japan. This partnership was a failure due to the lack of technology transfer in year 2005. On the other hand, we recommend Proton to pursue a potential collaboration with the Japanese car maker which is also the car maker leader in India, Maruti Suzuki. Maruti Suzuki is a leading automobile manufacturer, therefore it can easily capture the Indian market by the existence of well brand reputation in India. We also recommend Proton to collaborate with Maruti Suzuki in making diesel-powered car due to the reason of demand for diesel-powered vehicles has surged in the country following the widening gap between prices of petrol and diesel. Proton can also use acquisition for their future expansion. We recommend Proton to acquire Mitsubishi and use the Mitsubishi technology which can help in enhancing quality and productivity as well as cost improvement of Protons cars and at the same time uses the Lotus branding to market their cars to around the world. Mitsubishi also has a wide global network which they had already expended to all regions in the world. By acquiring Mitsubishi, Proton can benefit from using their global network to do exportation. To achieve an excellent result, Proton will have to constantly strive to be at the forefront of the industry. Proton also has to persistently improve its products and services in the wake of increasing competition in this market. Their mission is to dominate the pursuit of being the first choice of car making company for Automotive Products Services.